Mining companies in South Africa have publicized their benevolent concern for the health oftheir workers. However, there are legal, practical and political reasons for this concern. This article is concerned with the historical roots and complex interactions between tuberculosis, respiratory disease and HIV/AIDS. While the incidence of such illnesses remains high or growing, the post-apartheid order may compel the mining houses to take their responsibilities for the long-term health of their workforces more seriously......